Earth is the third planet from the eight planets in the Solar System. It is estimated to reach 4.6 billion years old. The distance between the Earth to the sun is 149.6 million kilometers, or 1 AU (UK: astronomical units). Earth has a layer of air (atmosphere) and the magnetic field is called (magnetosphere), which protect the Earth's surface from the solar wind, ultraviolet light and radiation from outer space. This air layer surrounds the earth to a height of about 700 kilometers. Air layer is divided into Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, thermosphere and Exosphere.
Ozone layer, as high as 50 kilometers, are in the stratosphere and mesosphere and protects the earth from ultraviolet rays. Earth's surface temperature difference is between -70 ° C to 55 ° C depending on the local climate. The day was divided into 24 hours and a year on earth equal to 365.2425 days. Earth has a mass as heavy as 59,760 billion tons, with a surface area of 510 million square kilometers. The density of the Earth (about 5,500 kilograms per cubic meter) is used as the unit of weight ratio of other types of planets, with Earth's gravity is set as 1.
Earth has a diameter of 12,756 kilometers long. Earth's gravity was measured as 10 N kg-1 used as a unit the size of the gravity of other planets, with Earth's gravity is set as 1. Earth has one natural satellite of the Moon. 70,8% earth's surface covered with water. Earth Air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases.
Ozone layer, as high as 50 kilometers, are in the stratosphere and mesosphere and protects the earth from ultraviolet rays. Earth's surface temperature difference is between -70 ° C to 55 ° C depending on the local climate. The day was divided into 24 hours and a year on earth equal to 365.2425 days. Earth has a mass as heavy as 59,760 billion tons, with a surface area of 510 million square kilometers. The density of the Earth (about 5,500 kilograms per cubic meter) is used as the unit of weight ratio of other types of planets, with Earth's gravity is set as 1.
Earth has a diameter of 12,756 kilometers long. Earth's gravity was measured as 10 N kg-1 used as a unit the size of the gravity of other planets, with Earth's gravity is set as 1. Earth has one natural satellite of the Moon. 70,8% earth's surface covered with water. Earth Air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases.
The crust is thinner on the ocean floor that is about 5 kilometers. The Earth's crust is divided to several sections and moving through the movement of tectonic plates (the theory of Continental Drift), which produces earthquakes.
The highest point on the earth's surface is as high as Mount Everest is 8,848 meters and the deepest point is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific ocean with a depth of 10,924 meters. Deepest lake is Lake Baikal at a depth of 1637 meters, while the largest lake is the Caspian Sea with an area of 394,299 km2.
The highest point on the earth's surface is as high as Mount Everest is 8,848 meters and the deepest point is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific ocean with a depth of 10,924 meters. Deepest lake is Lake Baikal at a depth of 1637 meters, while the largest lake is the Caspian Sea with an area of 394,299 km2.
Composition and structure
Earth is a terrestrial planet, meaning made of rocks, different than gas giants like Jupiter. This planet is the largest of the four terrestrial planets, in the second sense, the mass and size. Of the four terrestrial planets, Earth also has the highest density, the largest surface gravity, magnetic fields the strongest and most rapid rotation. Earth also represents the only terrestrial planet that has an active plate tectonics.
Earth is a terrestrial planet, meaning made of rocks, different than gas giants like Jupiter. This planet is the largest of the four terrestrial planets, in the second sense, the mass and size. Of the four terrestrial planets, Earth also has the highest density, the largest surface gravity, magnetic fields the strongest and most rapid rotation. Earth also represents the only terrestrial planet that has an active plate tectonics.
Shape
Rotation of the earth's rotation on the north-south axis that results in day and night
Forms of planet Earth is very similar to the round pepat (oblate spheroid), a sphere that was pressed flat on the orientation of the poles that cause buncitan at the equator. Buncitan This occurs because the earth's rotation, causing the equatorial diameter greater than 43 km in diameter from pole to pole. The average diameter of the circle of the earth is 12,742 km, or roughly 40,000 km / π. Because the meter was originally defined as the distance between the equator 1/10.000.000 to the north pole through Paris, France.
Local topography varies slightly from the ideal form of a smooth sphere, although on a global scale, this variation is very small. Earth has a tolerance of about one in 584, or 0.17% compared to a perfect sphere (reference spheroid), which is more smooth when compared with the tolerance of a billiard ball, 0.22%. Local largest deviation at the surface of the Earth is Mount Everest (8848 m above sea level) and the Mariana Trench (10,911 m below sea level). Because buncitan equator, the earth located farthest from the midpoint of the Earth is actually Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
Endogenous natural processes / staff endogenous earth is the power that comes from within the earth. Workers are building the endogenous nature of this earth's surface. Exogenous natural forces come from outside the earth and are destructive. So that's what makes the second power a variety of relief on the face of this earth as we know that the earth's surface which we live is made up of various formations such as mountains, valleys, hills, lakes, rivers, etc.. The existence of these formations, causing the earth's surface becomes uneven. Formations are known as relief of the earth.
The mass of the earth is approximately 5.98 × 1024 kg. Main content of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%) , calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), and 1.2%, the rest consisting of various rare elements. Because the process of mass segregation, the core of the earth is believed to have the main content of iron (88.8%) and a little nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%) and the rest less than 1% of rare elements.
Geochemist F. W. Clarke reckons that about 47% of the earth's crust consists of oxygen. The most common rocks found in the earth's crust are nearly all oxides (oxides), chlorine, sulfur and fluorine are the exception and the number is on the rocks are usually less than 1%. The main oxides are silica, alumina, iron oxide, lime, magnesia, potassium and soda. The main function is as an acid silica, which form the silicate. This is the basic nature of the various minerals of the most common igneous rocks. Based on the calculation of 1.672 analysis of various types of rock, Clarke concluded that 99.22% of rock composed of 11 oxides (see table right). Other constituents occur only in small quantities.
Rotation of the earth's rotation on the north-south axis that results in day and night
Forms of planet Earth is very similar to the round pepat (oblate spheroid), a sphere that was pressed flat on the orientation of the poles that cause buncitan at the equator. Buncitan This occurs because the earth's rotation, causing the equatorial diameter greater than 43 km in diameter from pole to pole. The average diameter of the circle of the earth is 12,742 km, or roughly 40,000 km / π. Because the meter was originally defined as the distance between the equator 1/10.000.000 to the north pole through Paris, France.
Local topography varies slightly from the ideal form of a smooth sphere, although on a global scale, this variation is very small. Earth has a tolerance of about one in 584, or 0.17% compared to a perfect sphere (reference spheroid), which is more smooth when compared with the tolerance of a billiard ball, 0.22%. Local largest deviation at the surface of the Earth is Mount Everest (8848 m above sea level) and the Mariana Trench (10,911 m below sea level). Because buncitan equator, the earth located farthest from the midpoint of the Earth is actually Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
Endogenous natural processes / staff endogenous earth is the power that comes from within the earth. Workers are building the endogenous nature of this earth's surface. Exogenous natural forces come from outside the earth and are destructive. So that's what makes the second power a variety of relief on the face of this earth as we know that the earth's surface which we live is made up of various formations such as mountains, valleys, hills, lakes, rivers, etc.. The existence of these formations, causing the earth's surface becomes uneven. Formations are known as relief of the earth.
Chemical composition
The mass of the earth is approximately 5.98 × 1024 kg. Main content of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%) , calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), and 1.2%, the rest consisting of various rare elements. Because the process of mass segregation, the core of the earth is believed to have the main content of iron (88.8%) and a little nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%) and the rest less than 1% of rare elements.
Geochemist F. W. Clarke reckons that about 47% of the earth's crust consists of oxygen. The most common rocks found in the earth's crust are nearly all oxides (oxides), chlorine, sulfur and fluorine are the exception and the number is on the rocks are usually less than 1%. The main oxides are silica, alumina, iron oxide, lime, magnesia, potassium and soda. The main function is as an acid silica, which form the silicate. This is the basic nature of the various minerals of the most common igneous rocks. Based on the calculation of 1.672 analysis of various types of rock, Clarke concluded that 99.22% of rock composed of 11 oxides (see table right). Other constituents occur only in small quantities.
Layer earth
According to the composition (type of material), the earth can be divided into layers as follows:
* Earth's Crust
* Mantel Earth
* Earth's Core
Meanwhile, according to the mechanical properties (the nature of the material) it, the earth can be divided into layers as follows:
* lithosphere
* Astenosfir
* Mesosfir
* Earth's outer core
Earth's outer core is one that lines the inside of the earth's inner core of the earth. Earth's outer core has a thickness of 2250 km and a depth of between 2900-4980 km. Earth's outer core consists of molten iron and nickel with a temperature of 3900 ° C.
* Earth's inner core
Earth's inner core is the deepest part of the earth or can also be called the core of the earth. Earth's core has a thickness of 1200km and 2600km in diameter. Earth's core consists of solid iron and nickel with temperature can reach 4800 ° C.
According to the composition (type of material), the earth can be divided into layers as follows:
* Earth's Crust
* Mantel Earth
* Earth's Core
Meanwhile, according to the mechanical properties (the nature of the material) it, the earth can be divided into layers as follows:
* lithosphere
* Astenosfir
* Mesosfir
* Earth's outer core
Earth's outer core is one that lines the inside of the earth's inner core of the earth. Earth's outer core has a thickness of 2250 km and a depth of between 2900-4980 km. Earth's outer core consists of molten iron and nickel with a temperature of 3900 ° C.
* Earth's inner core
Earth's inner core is the deepest part of the earth or can also be called the core of the earth. Earth's core has a thickness of 1200km and 2600km in diameter. Earth's core consists of solid iron and nickel with temperature can reach 4800 ° C.